Das Schwarze Auge (The Dark Eye) as most Germans, I guess
There are other systems?
Funny enough, the background story of TDE was that DnD was quite successful already in north america and Wizards of the Coast wanted to expand to Germany as there seemed to be a good market. They were already deep into the negotiations with
Schmidt-Spiele in the 80ies which was (and probably still is) one of the biggest publishers of board-games in Germany but according to Schmidt-Spiele they were very adamant on having an unusually high share of the revenue generated by DnD, so Schmidt-Spiele decided to make their own DnD with blackjack and hookers...
They hired two pretty random guys, who had a very small publishing company (basically just them) and asked them to come up with a similar product like DnD, but with the strong focus of not copying it too obviously.
In a couple of months they then created the first version of the most popular pen and paper in Germany and this is also the reason why in TdE, you also roll a d20, but in TdE, 1 is the best and 20 is the worst you can roll, basic attributes are also not named simply "strength or dexterity", but they used German synonyms which are way less common, just to make it look like they came up with it on their own ^^.
Over the years however, TdE has become a completely different thing alltogether, as it is now very rich in living history and lore.